Ründamast

Ründamast refers to the Estonian tradition of celebrating the beginning of the new year, particularly the first day of January, with a focus on protection and warding off negative influences. The custom is deeply rooted in Estonian folklore and pre-Christian beliefs, blending elements of pagan winter festivals with later Christian influences.

During ründamast, various rituals are performed to ensure good fortune and safety for the coming year. One common practice involves the use of protective symbols, such as the *ründ* (a type of protective charm or amulet) or the burning of straw figures (*ründamast-põõsad*). These figures, often shaped like scarecrows or effigies of evil spirits, are burned in the fireplace or outdoors to symbolize the expulsion of misfortune. Some households also place protective objects, like salt, iron, or specific plants, around doorways and windows to deter harmful energies.

Another traditional aspect of ründamast is the sharing of food and drinks with neighbors and family, reinforcing social bonds and communal well-being. In some regions, people would also visit each other’s homes to exchange blessings and gifts, a practice that reflects the importance of collective protection. The custom of leaving out food for spirits or ancestors may also persist in certain areas, though this is less common today.

While ründamast was once widely observed across Estonia, its practice has declined with modernization. However, elements of the tradition remain in contemporary Estonian culture, particularly in rural areas where older customs are still upheld. The festival serves as a reminder of Estonia’s rich folkloric heritage and the enduring human desire for security and renewal in the face of change.