Põletushaav

Põletushaav, commonly known as a burn, is an injury to the skin or underlying tissues caused by contact with heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or friction. The severity of a burn is classified by degrees, with first-degree burns affecting only the outermost layer of skin (epidermis), causing redness and pain. Second-degree burns penetrate deeper, damaging the epidermis and dermis, resulting in blisters, severe pain, and swelling. Third-degree burns extend through all layers of the skin, potentially reaching underlying fat, muscle, or bone, and may appear white, leathery, or charred, often with less pain due to nerve damage.

The immediate treatment for most burns, particularly thermal burns, involves cooling the affected area with cool (not cold) running water for at least 10-20 minutes to reduce damage and pain. Avoiding ice is important as it can further injure the tissue. For chemical burns, the source of the chemical should be removed, and the area flushed with large amounts of water. Electrical burns require caution to ensure the power source is disconnected before approaching the victim.

After initial cooling, covering the burn with a clean, non-stick dressing can help prevent infection and reduce pain. For minor burns, over-the-counter pain relievers may be sufficient. Larger, deeper, or more severe burns require immediate medical attention to manage pain, prevent infection, and address potential complications such as shock or dehydration. Medical treatment may involve specialized wound care, fluid resuscitation, pain management, and sometimes surgical interventions like skin grafting. Prevention of burns focuses on safety measures at home and in the workplace, such as maintaining safe cooking practices, handling chemicals with care, and ensuring electrical safety.