Põletikuvastuse

Põletikuvastuse refers to the body's physiological response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. This complex biological process is designed to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged as a result of the original insult and the acute response, and to initiate tissue repair. It is a fundamental defense mechanism crucial for survival.

The inflammatory response can be broadly categorized into acute and chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-term response that typically develops within minutes to hours. Its cardinal signs include redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). These are mediated by a complex interplay of immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators like cytokines and prostaglandins.

Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, is a prolonged response that can last for weeks, months, or even years. It often occurs when the causative agent cannot be eliminated or when the inflammatory process itself becomes dysregulated. Chronic inflammation can be associated with tissue destruction, fibrosis, and the development of various diseases, including arthritis, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

The resolution of inflammation involves the return of tissues to their normal state. This process is orchestrated by anti-inflammatory mechanisms and can include phagocytosis of debris, tissue remodeling, and the regeneration of cells. However, if inflammation is not adequately resolved, it can contribute to pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of põletikuvastuse is vital for developing therapeutic strategies to manage inflammatory diseases.