Põletikuprotsess

Põletikuprotsess, known in English as inflammation, is a fundamental biological response of the body's immune system to harmful stimuli. These stimuli can include pathogens like bacteria and viruses, damaged cells, or irritants. The primary purpose of inflammation is to protect the organism by eliminating the initial cause of cell injury, clearing out necrotic cells and tissues damaged as a result of the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiating tissue repair.

Inflammation is characterized by a series of events at the site of injury or infection. These typically include redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). These signs are brought about by changes in blood flow and the increased permeability of blood vessels, allowing immune cells and plasma proteins to move from the bloodstream into the affected tissue. Key cells involved include phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, which engulf and destroy foreign substances and cellular debris.

Acute inflammation is a rapid response that develops quickly and is short in duration. It is crucial for initial defense and healing. If the cause of inflammation is not removed or if the process is particularly severe, it can lead to chronic inflammation, which is a prolonged response that can persist for weeks, months, or even years. Chronic inflammation can be detrimental, contributing to a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of põletikuprotsess is vital for developing effective treatments for various inflammatory conditions.