Päävalaistus

Päävalaistus, also known as main or primary lighting, is the fundamental illumination system used in architectural design to provide continuous, evenly distributed light across a space. It is intended to meet the essential functional lighting requirements, such as visibility for daily tasks, safety, and general ambient conditions. The reference level for many lighting design standards is the average luminance of the main lighting system, which must not be lower than the demands of the specific environment, whether a residential, commercial, or institutional setting.

Designers determine the intensity, color temperature, and distribution of päävalaistus through calculations that consider floor area, furniture layout, glass surfaces, and surface colors. The choice of fixtures typically includes downlights, surface-mounted panels, or recessed fixtures that provide uniform coverage while minimizing glare. Directional choices are made to avoid hotspots and to keep the light source out of sight, ensuring that occupants experience a natural and comfortable atmosphere.

In practice, päävalaistus is complemented by supplemental lighting—accent, task, or decorative fixtures—that provide focused illumination for specific activities or aesthetic emphasis. Proper dimming and control systems are also incorporated to allow adjustment of brightness levels according to time of day or user preference, enhancing energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

According to international standards such as IEC 60598-1 and national guidelines, designers must verify that the proposed main lighting meets minimum lux levels for each room type, accounts for daylight infiltration, and evaluates energy consumption. When integrated carefully, päävalaistus forms the backbone of a sustainable, health‑conscious lighting strategy that balances functionality, efficiency, and visual comfort.