Pungasts

Pungasts are a fictional species that appear in the science fiction novel "A Fire Upon the Deep" by Vernor Vinge. They are a non-humanoid species characterized by their unusual biology and social structure. Pungasts are described as having a highly developed sense of smell and communicate primarily through pheromones, which convey complex emotions and information.

Physically, pungasts are depicted as being large and somewhat reptilian in appearance, with tough hides and multiple limbs. Their reproductive cycle is also unique, involving a form of communal birthing and child-rearing. This communal aspect extends to their society, which is organized into large, cooperative groups called "factions."

Within these factions, pungasts exhibit a strong sense of collective identity and loyalty. Individual pungasts are less concerned with personal achievement and more focused on the well-being and success of their faction. This collective mindset influences their decision-making and interactions with other species.

The pungasts in "A Fire Upon the Deep" are known for their pragmatic and often ruthless approach to survival, driven by their biological imperatives and factional goals. They possess advanced technology, particularly in areas related to bio-engineering and interstellar travel, which they utilize to expand their influence and secure resources. Their role in the narrative often involves complex political maneuvering and conflicts with other alien races.