Pulsmonitors

Pulsmonitors are devices that measure pulsatile cardiovascular signals, primarily arterial pulse waveforms and heart rate. They range from handheld units and wearables to implantable sensors and are used in clinical, research, and consumer contexts.

Sensing methods include photoplethysmography (PPG), which detects blood volume changes with light; impedance plethysmography, which tracks electrical impedance related to blood flow; and pressure- or tonometry-based sensors that capture arterial waves. Signals are processed to extract timing, amplitude, and waveform morphology.

Typical outputs include heart rate, pulse rate, and derived metrics such as pulse arrival time and arterial stiffness proxies. Some devices estimate systolic pressure or oxygenation from the waveform, though direct measurement may require supplementary sensors.

Applications include continuous clinical monitoring in hospitals, remote and home health, and wearables for fitness, sleep, and research into vascular health.

Limitations include susceptibility to motion, ambient light, skin properties, and peripheral perfusion, which can affect accuracy. Proper placement and calibration are important, and interpretation should consider context. Privacy and data security are considerations for consumer devices.