Puitgraafi

Puitgraafi is a term used in Finnish and sometimes encountered in English-language texts to denote a tree graph, i.e., a graph that has a tree structure. In mathematics and computer science, a tree is a connected acyclic graph; a rooted tree designates one node as the root, from which all other nodes can be reached by a unique path.

Key properties of a tree graph include that a tree with n nodes has exactly n−1 edges, and there is a unique path between any two nodes. In rooted trees, each node except the root has a single parent and zero or more children. Leaves are nodes with no children, while internal nodes have at least one child. Trees can be directed (parent to child) or undirected, depending on the context.

Common representations of puitgraafi include adjacency lists, adjacency matrices, and parent arrays. Operations typically involve traversal (depth-first or breadth-first), searching, inserting or removing nodes, and computing attributes such as height, depth, diameter, or the lowest common ancestor of two nodes.

Types of tree graphs include general trees, binary trees, and more specialized forms like binary search trees, AVL trees, or parse trees. Real-world examples of puitgraafi include family trees, phylogenetic trees in biology, organizational charts, and file system hierarchies.

In summary, puitgraafi refers to the tree-graph concept, emphasizing hierarchical, acyclic structure used to model and analyze hierarchical data and processes in various fields.