Ptp3PTPN3

Ptp3PTPN3 refers to the gene and encoded protein known as protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3). In humans, PTPN3 encodes a cytoplasmic, non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is involved in removing phosphate groups from tyrosine residues on target proteins. This enzymatic activity serves to counteract tyrosine kinase signaling and helps regulate multiple cellular processes.

The PTPN3 protein typically features a catalytic phosphatase domain responsible for its enzymatic activity, along with regions that facilitate interactions with other proteins. These interaction motifs enable PTPN3 to participate in signaling complexes and to influence the assembly of cellular structures involved in signaling pathways.

Functionally, PTPN3 participates in signaling pathways that govern cell adhesion, migration, and cytoskeletal organization. By dephosphorylating substrate proteins within these pathways, it can modulate how cells respond to external signals, coordinate movement, and regulate growth-related cues. The precise substrates and interaction partners can vary by cell type and physiological context, reflecting the integrative role of PTPN3 in cellular signaling networks.

Expression of PTPN3 has been detected in multiple tissues, with levels that can be modulated by developmental stage and cellular conditions. Its activity is tightly regulated, and alterations in expression or regulatory control have been observed in various disease contexts.

In clinical and research settings, PTPN3 is studied for its potential roles in cancer and other disorders, where changes in phosphatase activity may influence tumor behavior and cell signaling. Ongoing research aims to define its specific substrates, regulatory mechanisms, and context-dependent effects on cell physiology.