Pseudallescheriaceae

Pseudallescheriaceae is a family of fungi that includes the single genus Pseudallescheria. Members of this family are typically found in soil, water, and decaying organic matter. They are known for their ability to grow in diverse environments, including those with high salinity or low oxygen. While many species are saprophytic, playing a role in decomposition, some are opportunistic pathogens.

The most medically significant species within Pseudallescheriaceae is Pseudallescheria boydii. This fungus is a known cause of mycetoma, a chronic infection characterized by localized swelling and pus formation, often in the extremities. It can also cause other infections, including sinusitis, keratitis (eye infection), and endocarditis (heart valve infection). Immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to these infections.

Diagnosis of Pseudallescheriaceae infections usually involves microscopic examination and culture of infected tissues or bodily fluids. Treatment can be challenging, often requiring a combination of surgical debridement of infected tissue and antifungal medications. Resistance to common antifungal drugs is a concern with some Pseudallescheria species. Research into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is ongoing. The ecological role and pathogenic potential of other species within the family are less well-studied compared to Pseudallescheria boydii.