Proteinuriaa

Proteinuriaa is not a standard medical term; it is likely a misspelling of proteinuria, the presence of excess protein in the urine. Proteinuria is a sign of kidney disease or other conditions and is not a disease by itself.

Proteinuria can be functional, transient, orthostatic, or persistent and can result from glomerular or tubular disease. Nephrotic-range proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) signals nephrotic syndrome. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and other kidney diseases.

Diagnosis starts with urinalysis; dipsticks mainly detect albumin and may miss low-level protein. Quantification uses spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) or protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR); sometimes a 24-hour collection. Evaluation also includes serum creatinine, electrolytes, albumin, lipid profile, and urine sediment to help determine the cause and assess kidney function.

Management targets the underlying cause and reduces proteinuria. ACE inhibitors or ARBs slow progression by lowering intraglomerular pressure. Blood pressure and glucose control are key in relevant diseases; diuretics may treat edema. Diet is individualized, and some conditions require immunosuppressants or other specific therapies.

Prognosis depends on the persistence and magnitude of proteinuria and on other health conditions. Reducing proteinuria is associated with better outcomes and slower progression to chronic kidney disease, making regular monitoring and treatment adjustment important.