Proofing

Proofing is a term used across several domains to describe testing for validity, preparing something for use, or allowing it to develop under controlled conditions. The precise meaning depends on the field, but all senses share a common aim: to verify readiness or reliability.

In editing and publishing, proofing (often called proofreading) is the process of reviewing a manuscript or proof copy to identify and correct errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, layout, and factual accuracy before final publication. It may involve checking consistency, citations, and typographic details.

In baking, proofing refers to the final rise of yeast dough before baking. This stage occurs in a warm, humid environment and may include bulk fermentation as well as shaping and a second rise. Proper proofing helps achieve the desired texture, crumb structure, and oven spring.

In printing and graphic design, proofing involves producing a test copy to verify layout, color balance, and content before mass production. The proof allows designers and clients to spot discrepancies and authorize adjustments.

In engineering and firearms, proofing (proof testing) is a formal verification that a design or component meets required strength and safety standards. This can involve applying loads, pressures, or calibration procedures beyond normal operating conditions. In many jurisdictions, firearms are subjected to dedicated proof tests at certified proof houses to ensure compliance with safety regulations.