Prolaktinopathien

Prolaktinopathien, also known as prolactinomas, are a group of disorders characterized by elevated levels of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Prolactin plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including lactation, reproduction, and bone metabolism. In prolactinopathies, the elevated prolactin levels can lead to a range of symptoms, depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition.

The most common cause of prolactinopathies is a prolactinoma, a benign tumor that develops in the pituitary gland. Other causes include hypothyroidism, certain medications, and stress. Symptoms of prolactinopathies can vary widely and may include amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), infertility, galactorrhea (excessive milk production), and osteoporosis. In men, elevated prolactin levels can lead to gynecomastia (enlargement of the breast tissue) and infertility.

Diagnosis of prolactinopathies typically involves measuring prolactin levels in the blood and may include imaging studies to detect a prolactinoma. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. Medications such as dopamine agonists or bromocriptine can help lower prolactin levels. For prolactinomas, surgical removal of the tumor may be necessary. In some cases, radiation therapy or medical therapy may be used to shrink the tumor before surgery.

Prolactinopathies are relatively common, affecting approximately 1-2% of the general population. However, the prevalence may be higher in certain populations, such as women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with prolactinopathies.