Presecular

Presecular refers to the historical period and societal conditions that existed before the development and widespread acceptance of secularism as a dominant worldview. This era is characterized by a strong influence of religion in public life, including governance, law, education, and social customs. Religious institutions often held significant political and economic power, and religious doctrines frequently informed societal norms and individual behavior.

In presecular societies, religious belief was typically the default framework for understanding the world, morality, and the purpose of life. Overt expressions of religious faith were common and often expected. The separation of religious institutions from the state was generally not a concept, and religious leaders frequently played advisory or direct roles in political decision-making. Scientific inquiry, if it existed, often operated within the boundaries of religious dogma, and challenges to religious authority could lead to social ostracization or persecution.

The transition from presecular to secular societies involved a gradual process of intellectual, political, and social change. Key developments included the Enlightenment, which emphasized reason and individual liberty, and the rise of nation-states, which sought to consolidate power and establish their own authority independent of religious bodies. The concept of secularism emerged as a response to religious wars and intolerance, advocating for religious neutrality in public affairs and the protection of freedom of conscience. Understanding the presecular period provides crucial context for appreciating the historical trajectory and significance of secularism in modern societies.