Prednizolon

Prednizolon is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It is used to treat a wide range of conditions and is available in oral, injectable, topical, and inhaled forms.

Common indications include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, COPD exacerbations, dermatologic and allergic conditions, and certain eye disorders. It may also replace cortisol in adrenal insufficiency.

Prednizolon acts by binding the glucocorticoid receptor, altering gene expression to reduce cytokine production, leukocyte migration, and immune activity, thereby diminishing inflammation.

Administration depends on the condition and may be systemic (oral or injectable) or local (topical or inhaled). Long courses require tapering to minimize HPA axis suppression; pharmacokinetics vary by route and patient.

Adverse effects are common with systemic use, especially at higher doses or longer duration: hyperglycemia, hypertension, edema, weight gain, osteoporosis, ulcers, mood changes, infections, and growth retardation in children; prolonged therapy can cause Cushingoid features.

Contraindications include systemic fungal infections and live vaccines while on therapy. Interactions involve NSAIDs, antidiabetic agents, and drugs that induce or inhibit hepatic enzymes. Use in pregnancy requires risk–benefit assessment.

Discontinuation after prolonged use should be gradual to allow recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Monitor for metabolic, psychiatric, infectious complications and adjust dosing for liver disease or other conditions.