Precum

Precum, or pre-ejaculate, is a clear fluid released from the penis during sexual arousal prior to ejaculation. In most people it is secreted by the bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) and other urethral glands. Its primary roles are lubrication of the urethra and neutralization of residual acidity from urine, creating a more favorable environment for sperm.

Composition and presence of sperm: The fluid is usually composed of mucus, enzymes, and other secretions. The presence of sperm in precum is variable: most healthy men produce little or no sperm in precum, but small amounts of sperm can be present in some individuals, particularly if there has been recent ejaculation or if there are residual sperm in the urethra.

Clinical significance: Pregnancy risk: Because precum can contain sperm or carry sperm from residual traces, it can lead to pregnancy if it reaches the vagina. STI risk: It can transmit infections such as HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, even though the risk is lower than with full ejaculation.

Contraception and health: Precum is not a reliable form of contraception. People who wish to avoid pregnancy or STIs should use barrier methods and/or other contraception, and discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider.