Preanalyyttisista

"Preanalyyttisista" is a Finnish term that translates to "pre-analytical" in English and refers to the phase in laboratory testing that occurs prior to the actual analysis of biological samples. This phase encompasses all processes involved in preparing specimens to ensure accurate and reliable analytical results. Proper management of preanalytical steps is crucial, as errors during this stage can significantly affect diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

The preanalytical phase includes multiple steps such as patient preparation, specimen collection, handling, transportation, and storage. It begins with instructions provided to patients regarding fasting, medication restrictions, or timing related to sample collection. During specimen collection, factors like choice of collection tube, technique, and timing are vital. Once collected, samples must be properly labeled and transported under appropriate conditions to prevent degradation or contamination.

Common preanalytical issues involve hemolysis, lipemia, clotting, improper storage temperatures, or delayed processing, which can lead to inaccurate or inconsistent results. Laboratories implement standardized protocols and quality control measures to mitigate these risks and ensure sample integrity. Proper training of personnel and adherence to guidelines are essential components of effective preanalytical management.

Understanding and optimizing the preanalytical phase is fundamental to clinical laboratory science, as it directly impacts the validity of subsequent analytical measurements and diagnostic conclusions. Continuous research and process improvement in this area aim to minimize preanalytical errors and enhance the overall quality of laboratory testing.