PostoperativeAdhäsionen

Postoperative atelectasis refers to the collapse of lung tissue that can occur after surgery. It is a common complication, particularly following abdominal or thoracic surgery, or any procedure involving general anesthesia. Several factors contribute to its development. Anesthesia can suppress normal breathing patterns, leading to shallow breaths and reduced lung volumes. Pain following surgery can also make it difficult for patients to take deep breaths and cough effectively, further hindering lung expansion. Immobilization after surgery, common in recovery, also plays a role as it reduces the natural movement of the lungs. Secretions in the airways can accumulate and block smaller airways, causing the lung tissue beyond the blockage to collapse.

Symptoms of postoperative atelectasis can range from mild to severe. Patients may experience shortness of breath, a cough, and chest pain. In more significant cases, fever and a rapid heart rate can develop. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening to the lungs with a stethoscope, and imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans.

Treatment aims to re-expand the collapsed lung tissue and prevent further complications. This often includes deep breathing exercises, coughing techniques, and the use of incentive spirometry, a device that encourages deep inhalation. Early mobilization and pain management are also crucial. In some cases, airway clearance techniques or bronchodilators may be used to help remove secretions and open airways. Prevention strategies focus on encouraging deep breathing and coughing before and after surgery, as well as effective pain control and early ambulation.