Postmodernizm

Postmodernism is a broad movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 20th century, characterized by a skepticism toward grand narratives, universal truths, and objective reality. It questions established institutions, assumptions, and beliefs, often through irony, pastiche, and fragmentation. In philosophy, postmodernism challenges modernist ideas of progress and reason, emphasizing the role of language, culture, and power in shaping our understanding of the world. Key figures include Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida, whose work explores concepts like deconstruction, discourse, and the instability of meaning.

In art and literature, postmodernism is marked by a departure from traditional forms and styles. Artists and writers often employ self-referentiality, intertextuality, and a playful engagement with history and previous works. This can manifest as collage, remixing, and the blurring of boundaries between high and low culture. There is a pervasive sense that meaning is not inherent but constructed, and that all interpretations are provisional. Postmodern critiques often highlight the social and political contexts that influence artistic and intellectual production. The movement's influence extends across architecture, film, music, and social theory, prompting ongoing debates about its implications for knowledge, identity, and cultural values.