Poniesionych

Poniesionych is a form used in Polish grammar. It represents the genitive plural of the past passive participle poniesiony, derived from the verb ponieść, which means to incur, bear, or suffer. As a participial adjective, poniesionych is used to modify a noun in the genitive plural, indicating things that have been incurred or borne by someone or something. The form appears mainly in formal or specialized texts.

Etymology and form: The word comes from ponieść, with the participle poniesiony. In Polish, the genitive plural form of this participle is poniesionych. It is employed when the head noun is in the genitive plural, such as szkód, strat, kosztów, or similar nouns, to express “incurred” or “borne” possessions, losses, or costs.

Usage: Poniesionych is not a standalone concept or proper noun. It is a grammatical construction used in contexts where a noun is in the genitive plural to convey that something has been incurred or borne. It frequently appears in legal, financial, or historical writing, especially when discussing damages, losses, or costs that have already occurred.

Examples:

- Rozmiar poniesionych szkód został oszacowany na 2 miliony złotych. (The extent of incurred damages was estimated at 2 million zlotys.)

- Koszty poniesionych prac przekroczyły budżet. (Costs of incurred works exceeded the budget.)

- Ofiary poniesionych strat zostały objęte odszkodowaniami. (Victims of incurred losses were covered by compensation.)

See also: Polish grammar, past passive participles, genitive plural forms, ponieść.