Polypores

Polypores are a group of fungi characterized by their porous fruiting bodies, which typically form on wood. These fungi belong to the class Agaricomycetes, and they are also known as bracket fungi, shelf fungi, or conks. Polypores are found worldwide, growing primarily on dead or decaying wood, but some species also infect living trees.

The defining feature of polypores is the presence of numerous small pores or tubes on the underside of their fruiting bodies, which serve as spore-producing surfaces. Their fruiting bodies usually have a tough, woody, or leathery texture and can vary greatly in size and shape, often appearing as shelf-like, bracketed, or crust-like structures attached to logs, stumps, or standing trees.

Polypores play an essential ecological role as decomposers, breaking down lignin and cellulose in wood and contributing to nutrient cycling within ecosystems. Some species are also involved in symbiotic relationships and can contribute to the health of their host trees.

Many polypore species have been studied for their medicinal properties, especially in traditional medicine systems. Certain species produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antiviral, or anticancer effects. Additionally, some polypores are used in biotechnological applications, such as in the production of enzymes and biofuels.

While most polypores are not harmful to living trees, some can cause wood decay that affects forestry and wood industry projects. Identification of polypores generally relies on attached morphology, pore surface structure, and spore characteristics. Their diversity and ecological importance have made polypores subjects of ongoing biological and environmental research.