Polycipiviridae

Polycipiviridae is a family of viruses within the order Picornavirales. These viruses are characterized by their polycistronic genome structure and their unique capstone architecture. Polycipiviridae primarily infect insects, with some members identified as pathogens of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.

Virions of Polycipiviridae are typically non-enveloped, icosahedral particles measuring approximately 30-32 nanometers in diameter. The virus particles contain a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome that is linear and segmented, generally comprising multiple open reading frames (ORFs). The genomic organization often includes a 5' untranslated region (UTR), followed by several ORFs encoding structural and non-structural proteins, and a 3' UTR with a polyadenylated tail.

The family includes several genera, with the most well-characterized being Sopolycipivirus. The replication cycle of Polycipiviridae involves entry into host cells, translation of viral proteins, genome replication, assembly, and release. Their replication occurs primarily in the cytoplasm of infected cells.

Polycipiviridae viruses are primarily transmitted through contact or via vectors such as insects. Although research is ongoing, there is limited information on their pathogenic impact on natural hosts, but some members are considered potential biological control agents for pest insects.

As of current taxonomy, Polycipiviridae is recognized as a distinct family within the order Picornavirales, reflecting its unique genetic and structural features. Continued studies are necessary to better understand their ecological roles, transmission mechanisms, and potential applications in biological control.