Polttiaiseläimet

Polttiaiseläimet is the Finnish term for cnidarians, a phylum of aquatic invertebrates that comprises the jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydras. These animals are characterized by the presence of specialized cells called cnidocytes, which contain stinging organelles called nematocysts. These nematocysts are used for capturing prey, defense, and sometimes for anchoring.

Cnidarians exhibit a simple body plan, typically with radial symmetry. They possess a sac-like body with a single opening that serves as both mouth and anus. This opening leads to a gastrovascular cavity where digestion occurs. Most cnidarians have two basic body forms: the polyp, which is sessile and attached to a surface, and the medusa, which is free-swimming and bell-shaped. Some species alternate between these two forms during their life cycle.

The phylum Cnidaria is divided into several classes, including Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Anthozoa. Hydrozoans often have complex life cycles involving both polyp and medusa stages. Scyphozoans are the true jellyfish, with the medusa stage being dominant. Cubozoans, or box jellyfish, are known for their cube-shaped bells and potent venom. Anthozoans, which include corals and sea anemones, only exist in the polyp form and often live in colonies.

Cnidarians are found in marine and freshwater environments worldwide. They play important roles in aquatic ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey. Coral reefs, built by colonial anthozoans, are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. While most cnidarians are not harmful to humans, some species can deliver painful stings, and a few are highly venomous.