Poljoprivrede

Poljoprivrede, or agriculture in the South Slavic languages, refers to the science and practice of cultivating the land and raising animals for human use. It encompasses the production, processing, and distribution of crops, livestock, and other agricultural products, as well as related disciplines such as agronomy, horticulture, soil science, and animal science. In modern contexts, it often includes post-harvest handling, storage, transport, and marketing.

The field covers a range of sectors, including crop production (cereals, fruits, vegetables, industrial crops), livestock husbandry (cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry), fisheries and aquaculture, and forestry, with crop and animal production forming the core. Agricultural systems vary from smallholder farms to large commercial operations and may integrate technologies such as irrigation, fertilization, pest management, and mechanization. Advances in genetics, soil management, and precision agriculture aim to increase yields while reducing environmental impact.

Historical development of poljoprivrede includes the shift from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture, widespread mechanization, improved cropping systems, and the Green Revolution in some regions. Today, sustainability and resilience are central concerns, addressing soil health, water use, nutrient management, biodiversity, and climate adaptation. Economic and policy dimensions involve rural development, land tenure, subsidies, regulation, and participation in global and local food markets.

Overall, poljoprivrede remains a foundational activity for food security, rural livelihoods, and economic stability, continually adapting to technological innovations, environmental limits, and changing consumer demand.