Pohjatyypejä

Pohjatyypejä refers to the different categories of subsoil or foundation types that are crucial in construction and civil engineering. Understanding these types is essential for determining the appropriate building methods, materials, and structural designs to ensure stability and longevity. The classification of pohjatyypejä is primarily based on the soil's mechanical properties, such as its bearing capacity, compressibility, and drainage characteristics.

Common pohjatyypejä include bedrock, which offers the highest load-bearing capacity and is the most stable foundation material. Other types are granular soils like sand and gravel, which generally have good drainage and moderate bearing capacity, though their stability can be affected by water content. Cohesive soils, such as clay and silt, can have variable bearing capacities and are more prone to settlement, especially when exposed to moisture changes. Organic soils, like peat, are generally weak, highly compressible, and unsuitable for direct construction without significant ground improvement.

The selection of a specific foundation type, such as a shallow foundation (e.g., strip footing, raft foundation) or a deep foundation (e.g., piles, caissons), is directly influenced by the identified pohjatyypejä. Geotechnical investigations, including soil borings and laboratory tests, are conducted to accurately classify the soil and inform the foundation design process. This ensures that the structure is safely supported and that potential risks like subsidence or structural failure are mitigated.