Pleców

Pleców is the genitive plural form of plecy, the Polish word for the back or the rear surface of the torso. In everyday language it appears in phrases such as ból pleców (back pain) and refers to the anatomical region comprising the posterior aspect of the trunk from the neck to the pelvis.

Anatomy and structure: The back includes skin, superficial and deep muscles, the vertebral column, and the upper rib cage in the thoracic area. The spine consists of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments, with intervertebral discs and supporting ligaments. Superficial muscles such as the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and rhomboids, along with deep muscles of the back like the erector spinae, work to move and stabilize the trunk. The spinal cord lies within the vertebral canal, with nerves exiting between vertebrae. The rib cage articulates with the thoracic portion of the spine, contributing to protection and movement.

Function and clinical relevance: The back provides structural support for the head and torso, maintains posture, enables a range of movements, and protects the spinal cord and nerve roots. It serves as an attachment point for many muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.

Common conditions and care: Back pain is a frequent medical issue with diverse causes, including muscle strain, poor posture, degenerative changes, herniated discs, scoliosis, and osteoporosis. Evaluation relies on history and examination, sometimes supplemented by imaging. Treatment emphasizes physical therapy and core-strengthening exercises, with analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs as needed; persistent or severe cases may require injections or surgery. Prevention focuses on regular activity, proper ergonomics, posture, and safe lifting techniques.