Platoons

A platoon is a military unit typically consisting of two to four squads and is led by a lieutenant, with a platoon sergeant serving as the senior noncommissioned officer. It is a basic tactical unit capable of independent action within a company or battalion, and it operates with a moderate level of firepower and mobility.

In infantry formations, a platoon usually comprises about 30 to 40 soldiers, though sizes vary by country and role. A standard infantry platoon commonly includes three rifle squads and a weapons squad, under the overall command of the platoon leader and platoon sergeant. In other branches, or in mounted formations, the platoon may be organized differently, with mixed teams and vehicle elements providing mobility and fire support.

The platoon’s primary function is to conduct maneuver, reconnaissance, and fire and movement to achieve its assigned objectives, while maintaining cohesion with the company and adjacent units. It can operate independently for short periods, or in concert with supporting elements such as mortars, anti-tank weapons, or reconnaissance teams.

Specialized platoons exist within larger formations, including mortar, anti-tank, reconnaissance, engineer, and signals platoons. In armored, mechanized, or airborne units, platoons may be motorized, tracked, or air-mobile, and can differ in equipment and tactics.

Historically, the platoon evolved as a subdivision of a company around the modern era. The term derives from the French peloton and has equivalents in many languages. It remains a standard building block of contemporary military organizations.