Plaatkoormustest

A Plaatkoormustest, often translated as a plate load test or bearing capacity test, is a geotechnical field test used to determine the in-situ bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of a soil or rock mass. The test involves applying a known load to a rigid plate placed on the surface of the ground and measuring the resulting settlement. The plate is typically circular or square and can vary in diameter, commonly ranging from 150 mm to 750 mm.

The test is performed by excavating a level area and placing the plate centrally. Load is applied incrementally, usually using a hydraulic jack reacting against a loaded vehicle or kentledge. Deflection of the plate is measured at each load increment using dial gauges or other displacement transducers. The load is typically increased until a predetermined settlement is reached or the soil exhibits a clear failure pattern.

Data from the Plaatkoormustest is plotted as a load-settlement curve. This curve allows for the determination of the soil's modulus of elasticity or deformation modulus and its ultimate bearing capacity. The results are often used to assess the suitability of subgrade materials for pavements, foundations, and other load-bearing structures. The test is relatively simple and cost-effective, providing valuable information for geotechnical design and quality control during construction. However, it is important to note that the results are influenced by the size of the plate and the depth of influence is limited, making extrapolation to larger foundation elements sometimes require careful consideration.