PlGF1

PlGF1, or placental growth factor isoform 1, is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. It is produced by alternative splicing of the PGF gene in humans, yielding several PlGF isoforms, including PlGF-1. The PlGF-1 protein is secreted and primarily acts on the vascular system by binding to VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), thus participating in angiogenic signaling.

Expression and regulation: PGF is expressed in placenta and extraplacental tissues such as the heart and adipose tissue; expression increases under hypoxic conditions, in part regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors. PlGF isoforms are developmentally regulated and are expressed during pregnancy, contributing to placental vascular development.

Biological role: PlGF-1 contributes to formation and remodeling of placental blood vessels and can influence angiogenic responses in other tissues. Its activity is context-dependent and can be pro-angiogenic in physiological settings and associated with pathological angiogenesis in tumors or inflammatory conditions.

Clinical relevance: PlGF and its isoforms are investigated as biomarkers of placental function in pregnancy. Lower PlGF levels are associated with placental dysfunction, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, and PlGF measurement is commonly used together with sFlt-1 in risk assessment and management of pregnancy complications. In research, PlGF-1 is studied for its potential as a therapeutic target in angiogenesis-related diseases.

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