Piparmündi

Piparmündi, commonly known as peppermint, is a herb in the mint family, Mentha × piperita. It is a sterile hybrid between spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica). Peppermint is cultivated worldwide for its aromatic leaves and essential oil, used in food, beverages, and medicine.

The plant is perennial with square stems and opposite leaves; leaves are dark green, wrinkled, and strongly scented. The essential oil—rich in menthol, menthone, and related compounds—gives its characteristic cooling sensation and sharp aroma.

Culinary uses include teas, candies, desserts, and flavoring for beverages and sauces. Peppermint oil and extract are used in cosmetics, toothpaste, and oral care products. In traditional medicine, peppermint preparations are used for digestive discomfort, minor throat irritation, and as a mild antispasmodic.

Peppermint grows best in temperate climates with moist, fertile soil and full sun to partial shade. It spreads by creeping rhizomes and can be propagated by cuttings. Harvest typically occurs before flowering for the strongest flavor; oil content is highest in leaves during late summer.

Peppermint oil is potent and should be diluted for topical use and used sparingly for internal use. It can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals and may interact with certain medications or conditions (such as gastroesophageal reflux). It is not recommended for use in young children without medical advice.