Mentha

Mentha is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, comprising about 25 to 30 species of perennial, herbaceous mints. Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, the species are characterized by square stems, opposite leaves, and a strong aromatic scent produced by volatile oils. Most species spread rapidly by creeping rhizomes, and several can become vigorous or invasive in gardens and disturbed habitats.

The best-known edible mints include Mentha spicata (spearmint), Mentha × piperita (peppermint, a natural hybrid between Mentha aquatica and Mentha spicata), Mentha arvensis (field mint), and Mentha suaveolens (apple mint). Leaves and sometimes flowers are used fresh or dried for culinary purposes, beverages, desserts, and teas. Peppermint and some spearmints are valued for their menthol-rich oils, which are widely used in flavorings, fragrances, and therapeutic products.

Cultivation notes emphasize moist, rich soils with good drainage, and a preference for full sun to partial shade in temperate regions. Because Mentha spreads through runners, it can be difficult to control; many gardeners plant mint in containers or with barriers to prevent spread.

Chemistry varies by species and cultivar, but essential oils commonly contain menthol, menthone, menthofuran, carvone, limonene, and linalool. Peppermint oil is typically high in menthol and menthone, while other mints have different oil profiles that influence aroma and flavor.

Uses range from culinary applications and beverages to cosmetics and aromatherapy. Historically, mint preparations have been used for digestive issues and respiratory relief, though clinical evidence varies and preparations should be used with caution. The name Mentha derives from the Greek nymph Minthe, in mythological lore.