Piktogram

A pictogram, or piktogram in some languages, is a simple graphic symbol that conveys information through its visual resemblance to an object, activity, or idea. Unlike text, pictograms aim to be understood independently of language, relying on common visual conventions.

Pictograms are a subset of graphical signs; they are distinct from ideograms (which convey ideas or concepts irrespective of concrete objects) and from icons used in computing, though overlaps exist.

History and use: Pictograms appear in ancient rock art and early writing as pictographs; in modern times they are widely used in public signage and instruction, especially where rapid comprehension is essential—traffic signs, safety notices, airport signage, hospital wayfinding, etc.

Standardization and design: Many organizations standardize pictograms to improve cross-cultural understanding. ISO 7010 governs safety signs; ISO 7000 covers graphical symbols for equipment. In road signs and signage, color and shape cues assist recognition.

Challenges and limits: Cultural differences can alter interpretation; pictograms may fail to convey nuanced instructions; designers balance simplicity with unambiguous meaning.