Pier

A pier is a raised structure that extends from the shore over water, typically supported by piles or columns. Piers are built to provide access to ships and ferries, to support fishing activities, and to offer promenades and recreational space for visitors. They may also serve as landing points for cargo or as part of harbor infrastructure.

Construction and design standards vary by location but share common features. Piers usually have a deck laid over a framework of piles driven into the seabed or lakebed. The deck is often made of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete and is designed to withstand wave action, saltwater corrosion, and wind loads. Many piers include facilities such as pavilions, shops, restaurants, or amusement attractions, and are equipped with safety railings and lighting for pedestrian use.

Types and uses vary. Seaside promenade piers are built primarily for pedestrian enjoyment and sightseeing, often featuring entertainment options and retail outlets. Fishing piers provide space for anglers and may offer facilities like seating and bait shops. Loading piers or offshore piers extend farther into the water to support cargo handling or to connect to offshore platforms. A jetty is a related structure that protects a harbor or channel from sediment deposition or dominates water flow, whereas a pier emphasizes access over water.

History and geography. Piers have ancient precursors in harbor works, but the rise of seaside resort culture in the 18th to 20th centuries popularized long promenade piers in many coastal towns. Today piers remain common worldwide as transportation, tourism, and recreational assets.