Seaside

The seaside refers to land that borders the sea, including beaches, cliffs, dunes, and coastal towns. The term can describe natural coastal environments as well as human settlements and activities associated with the coast, such as recreation, tourism, fishing, and maritime trade. Seaside areas vary widely in geography, climate, and culture.

Coastlines are shaped by waves, tides, and sediment transport. Beaches are accumulations of sand or gravel, while cliffs and headlands form where rock resists erosion. Dunes can stabilize shorelines, and estuaries and intertidal zones support diverse ecosystems. Local climate and sea level influence erosion, flooding, and habitat distribution.

Seaside communities often include resorts, promenades, piers, and harbours. Tourism is a major economic activity in many regions, complemented by fisheries, shipping, and services. Planning aims to balance public access and recreation with protection of coastal environments and historical heritage.

Coastal areas face hazards such as erosion, storm surge, flooding, and rip currents. Adaptation strategies include seawalls, groynes, managed retreat, zoning restrictions, and early warning systems. In many places, sustainable management relies on coastal governance, environmental impact assessments, and marine protected areas.

Ecologically, coastal zones host salt marshes, estuaries, mangroves (where present), and intertidal habitats with migratory birds, shellfish, and crustaceans. Human use can affect biodiversity through development, pollution, and recreational disturbance. The seaside remains a focal point for culture, recreation, and regional identity.