PhosphoERK
PhosphoERK, or phosphorylated ERK, denotes the activated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2), serine/threonine kinases in the MAPK signaling pathway. ERK1 and ERK2 are activated by dual phosphorylation on a conserved TEY activation loop by the upstream kinases MEK1 and MEK2 in response to mitogens, growth factors, hormones, and stress signals. Dual phosphorylation at threonine and tyrosine residues is required for full catalytic activity.
Activated ERK translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates a set of transcription factors, including ELK1, SAP1,
Dysregulated ERK signaling can arise from activating mutations in upstream components such as RAS or RAF, or