Phenmetrazine

Phenmetrazine is a stimulant drug of the phenmetrazine class, a morpholine-derived phenethylamine. It was developed in the mid-20th century and used clinically as an appetite suppressant for obesity. It was marketed in several countries during the 1950s and 1960s under various brand names. Its use declined after reports of abuse and adverse cardiovascular and psychotomimetic effects.

Pharmacology and effects: Phenmetrazine acts primarily as a monoamine releasing agent, increasing extracellular dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, with some activity on serotonin. This activity produces stimulant effects such as increased wakefulness, reduced appetite, and elevated mood, but also can lead to tachycardia, hypertension, insomnia, anxiety, and potential for dependence.

Medical use and withdrawal: It was withdrawn from many markets by the late 20th century as safer alternatives emerged and concerns over misuse grew. In many jurisdictions it is no longer approved for medical use; where available, it is tightly regulated.

Safety and regulatory status: Phenmetrazine is a controlled substance in many countries. It carries risks of cardiovascular events, psychiatric reactions, and tolerance/dependence. It should not be used in people with cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, significant psychosis, or pregnancy unless explicitly advised by a clinician. Non-medical use and distribution are illegal in many places.