Pfändungsschutz

Pfändungsschutz is a legal protection under German enforcement law that shields a debtor’s income and certain assets from seizure. Its purpose is to secure an existence minimum and prevent unduly harsh financial hardship while debts are being collected.

In the case of wage garnishment (Lohnpfändung), only the portion of earnings above certain exempt limits can be seized. The amount deemed exempt depends on factors such as the debtor’s family situation and number of dependents. The protected share is calculated according to the applicable provisions of the Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO), and the debtor can seek adjustments through the competent court if circumstances change.

Bank accounts may also be subject to garnishment, but the law provides dedicated protection via the Pfändungsschutzkonto (P-Konto). A P-Konto guarantees a monthly protected amount that cannot be withdrawn by garnishment, with higher protection for dependents. Any account transformation into a P-Konto or a similar exemption requires a formal request to the bank and, if needed, a court or administrator’s determination of the exempt amount.

Beyond wages and bank deposits, certain assets and possessions are protected from seizure, including basic living needs, essential household items, and, in many cases, social benefits or pensions to cover daily living costs. The scope and application of Pfändungsschutz depend on individual facts and are subject to statutory rules and court decisions.

See also: ZPO sections on wage garnishment and exemptions, Pfändungsschutzkonto (P-Konto), Pfändungsfreigrenzen.