Pfahlfundament

Pfahlfundamente, also known as pile foundations, are a type of deep foundation used to transfer structural loads to a deeper, more competent soil layer or bedrock. They are employed when the surface soil is not strong enough to support the weight of a structure. A pfahlfundament consists of one or more long, slender structural elements called piles, which are driven or bored into the ground. These piles can be made of various materials, including timber, concrete, steel, or composite materials.

The primary function of a pfahlfundament is to resist applied loads through either end bearing, where the pile transfers its load to a hard stratum at its tip, or skin friction, where the load is transferred to the surrounding soil along the length of the pile. In many cases, both mechanisms contribute to load resistance. The design of a pfahlfundament depends on factors such as the type and magnitude of the loads, the soil conditions, the depth to suitable bearing strata, and economic considerations.

Pfahlfundamente are commonly used in areas with weak or compressible soils, such as soft clays, silts, or loose sands, and in locations where significant settlement must be avoided. They are also essential for structures built over water, like bridges or offshore platforms, where conventional shallow foundations are not feasible. The installation process involves driving piles using a hammer or vibratory equipment, or by excavating a bore and filling it with concrete, often with reinforcing steel. Proper geotechnical investigation is crucial to determine the most suitable type, size, and spacing of piles for a given project.