Peruslakeja

Peruslakeja, or basic laws, are a category of laws in Finland that hold a higher statutory status than ordinary acts. They form the core of the constitutional framework and regulate fundamental political institutions, the balance of powers, and essential rights and procedures necessary for the functioning of the state. The most prominent basic law is the Constitution Act (perustuslaki), which sets out the structure of government, the powers of Parliament and the President, and the protection of fundamental rights.

Other provisions are also regarded as basic laws because of their constitutional importance. They deal with principles and processes central to constitutional stability, such as how constitutional amendments are made and how key state organs are organized and controlled. Because peruslakeja are of constitutional significance, their content tends to be more durable than ordinary legislation, and their amendment follows stricter procedures designed to secure broad political consensus.

In Finland’s legal order, peruslakeja enjoy primacy over ordinary statutes. They are interpreted and applied in light of constitutional principles, with the courts ensuring compatibility and consistency. The interaction between basic laws, international law, and EU law can influence their application, particularly in matters touching on fundamental rights and state powers.

The concept serves to safeguard core democratic principles and provide a stable framework for governance. Changes to peruslakeja typically require careful deliberation and broad support, reflecting their role in underpinning the rule of law and the functioning of the Finnish state. See also: Constitution of Finland; Finnish constitutional law; Eduskunta (Finnish Parliament).