Perusinsuliinilääkitys

Perusinsuliinilääkitys, often referred to as basal insulin therapy, is a cornerstone treatment for managing diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes and advanced type 2 diabetes. Its primary purpose is to provide a continuous, slow-acting supply of insulin throughout the day and night. This helps to keep blood glucose levels stable between meals and overnight, preventing significant fluctuations.

Unlike bolus insulin, which is taken before meals to cover carbohydrate intake, basal insulin mimics the body's natural, background insulin production. This is crucial because the liver continuously releases glucose into the bloodstream to fuel bodily functions, even when a person is not eating. Basal insulin counteracts this glucose release, ensuring that blood sugar levels do not rise excessively during fasting periods.

Types of basal insulin include long-acting insulin analogs, such as glargine, detemir, and degludec. These insulins are designed to be absorbed slowly and steadily from the injection site, providing coverage for approximately 24 hours or even longer in the case of degludec. They are typically administered once or twice daily, depending on the specific product and individual needs.

The dosage of basal insulin is determined by a healthcare professional based on factors like a patient's weight, insulin sensitivity, and blood glucose patterns. It is often adjusted to achieve target fasting blood glucose levels and minimize the risk of hypoglycemia, or dangerously low blood sugar. Effective basal insulin therapy is a vital component in achieving overall glycemic control and preventing long-term diabetes complications.