Perudo

Perudo is a bluffing dice game for two or more players that is typically played with five (or six) dice per player and an opaque cup for each player. The objective is to be the last player with dice by successfully bluffing and calling bluffs about the total number of dice showing a given face value across all players.

Gameplay: At the start of each round, players shake their dice in their cup, secretly look at their own dice, and then keep them concealed. The first player makes a bid describing the total number of dice showing a particular value among all players, such as “five sixes.” Each subsequent bid must increase either the quantity or the face value. A bid can be challenged by saying “Dudo” (I doubt it) or an equivalent call. If a challenge occurs, all dice are revealed. If the bid is true, the challenger loses a die; if false, the bidder loses a die. Players with no dice are eliminated, and play continues with the remaining players.

Rules and variations: In many versions, ones (the face showing one pip) are counted as wild and may be used to satisfy any bid, increasing their strategic value. Some variants treat ones as ordinary dice and do not count them toward a bid of higher values. The exact bidding rules and signaling customs vary by group, which can lead to different game lengths and strategies.

History and influence: Perudo is part of a family of dice bluffing games related to Liar’s Dice and Dudo. The name Perudo is associated with Peru, and the game is widely played in Latin America and internationally under various names. It has seen popularity in casual and party-game settings and has inspired commercial editions and digital versions.