Pertusariales

Pertusariales is an order of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes. These lichens are characterized by their ascomata, which are typically apothecia, though perithecia can also occur. The apothecia are often lecideine or lecconorine in appearance, meaning they can be disc-shaped and lack a distinct exciple or have one that is difficult to distinguish. The asci are usually unitunicate and bear ascospores that are typically hyaline and simple, though some species may have septate or colored spores. The thallus of pertusariales lichens is highly variable, ranging from crustose and endolithic to foliose and fruticose forms, though the crustose habit is most common. They are found in a wide variety of habitats worldwide, from arctic and alpine regions to temperate and tropical zones, often colonizing rock surfaces, soil, and bark. Many species are important primary colonizers in harsh environments. The order encompasses a diverse range of genera, and its taxonomic placement has been refined through molecular phylogenetic studies, which have revealed its position within the Lecanoromycetes. Research into Pertusariales continues to explore their ecological roles, biochemical compounds, and evolutionary relationships.