Peroxideinduced

Peroxideinduced is an attributive term used to describe phenomena that arise from exposure to peroxides, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic peroxides. In chemistry and biochemistry, peroxide-induced processes can involve oxidation, radical formation, and chain reactions that alter substrates such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

In chemical systems, peroxides act as oxidants and radical precursors. They can initiate polymerization, promote cleavage of organic bonds, and generate reactive oxygen species through metal-catalyzed reactions such as the Fenton and Fenton-like processes, where transition metals convert H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals.

In biological contexts, peroxide-induced oxidative stress refers to cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species produced from peroxides or during their metabolism. Lipid peroxidation can compromise membranes; proteins may undergo oxidation; DNA can incur strand breaks or base modifications. Cells employ antioxidant defenses such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione systems to mitigate peroxide-induced damage. Excessive exposure or impaired defenses are linked to aging and various diseases.

Measurement and safety: Peroxide-induced effects are assessed with assays for ROS, lipid peroxidation (e.g., malondialdehyde), and protein carbonylation. Peroxides are strong oxidizers and can pose fire or explosion risks; appropriate handling and storage are required to prevent hazardous decomposition.

Applications: Peroxides are used as initiators in polymerization, in sterilization and disinfection, and in whitening and some medical therapies, but their use requires careful control due to potential peroxide-induced damage and safety concerns.