Peroksüdases

Peroksüdases are a group of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, specifically those involving the transfer of electrons from a donor molecule to hydrogen peroxide or other hydroperoxides. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and play crucial roles in various biological processes. Their active site typically contains a heme prosthetic group, which is essential for their catalytic activity. The general reaction catalyzed by peroxidases involves the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, with the oxidation of a substrate molecule. This can be represented as 2R-H + H2O2 -> 2R• + 2H2O, where R-H represents the substrate and R• represents the oxidized radical.

In living organisms, peroxidases are involved in detoxification, defense against oxidative stress, and signal transduction. For example, catalase, a very efficient peroxidase, breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, protecting cells from its damaging effects. Other peroxidases are involved in the synthesis of hormones, the breakdown of xenobiotics, and the immune response. In plants, peroxidases contribute to cell wall biosynthesis and defense against pathogens. Industrially, peroxidases are used in various applications, including the food industry for bleaching and the textile industry for decolorization. Their ability to utilize hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant makes them environmentally friendly catalysts.

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