Perkolationsteori

Percolation theory is a branch of statistical physics that deals with the behavior of disordered systems. It was first introduced in the 1950s by Broadbent and Hammersley, and has since been applied to a wide range of fields, including materials science, computer science, and biology. The theory is concerned with the flow of a substance, such as water or electricity, through a porous medium, such as a sponge or a network of pipes. The key concept in percolation theory is the percolation threshold, which is the critical probability at which a connected path of the substance first appears in the medium. Below this threshold, the substance is unable to flow through the medium, while above it, a continuous path is formed, allowing the substance to flow freely. The behavior of the system near the percolation threshold is often characterized by power-law distributions and scaling laws, making it a topic of interest in the study of critical phenomena. Percolation theory has been used to model a variety of real-world systems, including the spread of disease, the behavior of neural networks, and the flow of oil through a porous rock formation.