Peritoneale

Peritoneale is the Italian adjective for things related to the peritoneum; in English the term is peritoneal. The peritoneum is a continuous serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most abdominal organs. It consists of a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer covering organs; between them lies the peritoneal cavity, a potential space containing a small amount of lubricating fluid to allow free movement of viscera.

The peritoneum is a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by connective tissue. The mesothelium produces peritoneal fluid that lubricates surfaces. It forms folds and reflections, such as mesenteries, the greater and lesser omenta, and various ligaments, which suspend and anchor organs while providing conduits for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Peritoneal surfaces receive blood from regional arteries. The parietal peritoneum is innervated by somatic nerves and is sensitive to pain, whereas the visceral peritoneum is innervated by autonomic nerves and pain is poorly localized.

Functions include lubrication, facilitation of organ movement, maintenance of organ position, and a role in immune defense. The peritoneum acts as a barrier and as a site for fluid and immune cell exchange between the cavity and circulation.

Clinical relevance includes ascites, peritonitis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane as a semi-permeable barrier for waste removal in kidney failure. Peritoneal involvement may occur in conditions such as endometriosis and mesothelioma.