Periodontem

Periodontem refers to the biological term encompassing the tissues that surround and support the teeth. The term is derived from the Greek words "peri," meaning around, and "odont," meaning tooth. The periodontem includes the gum tissue (gingiva), the periodontal ligament, the cementum, and the alveolar bone. These components work together to anchor teeth securely in the jaw and provide sensory feedback.

The gingiva, or gums, is the visible part of the periodontem that covers the alveolar bone and surrounds the teeth. It acts as a protective barrier against bacteria and helps maintain oral health. The periodontal ligament is a group of connective tissues that connect the tooth root to the alveolar bone, allowing for shock absorption and maintaining tooth stability. Cementum is a thin layer of calcified tissue that covers the tooth root, providing attachment for the periodontal ligament fibers. The alveolar bone is the portion of the jawbone that holds the teeth in place.

Maintaining healthy periodontem is crucial for overall oral health. Poor oral hygiene can lead to periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup, often resulting in redness, swelling, and bleeding. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe condition that involves the destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, leading to tooth loss.

Regular dental check-ups, proper brushing and flossing techniques, and a balanced diet can help prevent periodontal diseases. Treatment for periodontem-related issues may include professional cleaning, scaling and root planing, antibiotics, or in severe cases, surgical interventions. Early detection and intervention are key to preserving the health and function of the periodontem.