Perikardiocentéza

Perikardiocentéza is a medical procedure where fluid is drained from the pericardial sac, the thin membrane surrounding the heart. This procedure is typically performed to relieve pressure on the heart caused by a buildup of fluid, a condition known as cardiac tamponade. Cardiac tamponade can impair the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure.

The procedure involves inserting a needle, often guided by ultrasound, through the chest wall and into the pericardial sac. The fluid is then slowly withdrawn using a syringe or drainage system. The collected fluid can be sent for analysis to determine the cause of the effusion, which could include infections, inflammation, malignancy, or trauma.

Perikardiocentéza is generally considered a safe procedure, but potential risks include bleeding, infection, injury to the heart or lungs, and arrhythmias. The decision to perform perikardiocentéza is based on the patient's clinical condition and the severity of the cardiac tamponade. It is a critical intervention for stabilizing patients with life-threatening fluid accumulation around the heart.