Perihéliumának

Perihéliumának is the Hungarian word for perihelion. Perihelion refers to the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet that is closest to the Sun. This is in contrast to aphelion, which is the point in the orbit farthest from the Sun. The Earth's perihelion occurs around January 3rd each year.

The gravitational pull of the Sun is strongest at perihelion, causing the orbiting body to move at its greatest speed. This variation in speed is described by Kepler's second law of planetary motion, which states that a line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. Therefore, when the planet is closer to the Sun at perihelion, it must move faster to cover the same area.

The distance at perihelion varies for different celestial bodies. For Earth, the perihelion distance is approximately 147.1 million kilometers (91.4 million miles). While the Earth's distance from the Sun changes throughout its orbit, this variation is not the primary cause of the seasons. Seasons are mainly due to the tilt of the Earth's axis. However, the slight increase in solar radiation received at perihelion can subtly influence the intensity of winter in the Southern Hemisphere and summer in the Northern Hemisphere.