Perfúzió

Perfúzió, in medical terminology, refers to the passage of fluid through a network of vessels and tissues, delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products. In humans it typically denotes tissue perfúzió—the distribution of blood flow to a given region. Perfúzió can be systemic, reflecting overall cardiac output, or regional, reflecting microvascular flow to organs or tissues. Artificial perfúzió refers to the use of pumps and perfusion solutions to sustain tissue viability during surgery, transplantation, or organ preservation, such as cardiopulmonary bypass or ex vivo organ perfúzió.

Perfúzió depends on perfúziós nyomás (perfusion pressure), vascular resistance, capillary permeability, and the functional state of the microcirculation. Autoregulatory mechanisms adjust vessel diameter to maintain relatively stable flow across a range of pressures. Disturbances include hypoperfusion due to shock or vascular disease and hyperperfusion or reperfusion injury after ischemia.

Assessment of perfúzió uses imaging and physiological surrogates: CT perfúzió, MR perfúzió, Doppler ultrasound, laser Doppler, arterial spin labeling, and nuclear medicine perfúziós scans. Clinical signs include skin temperature, capillary refill, and lactate levels as indicators of tissue oxygenation balance.

Clinical relevance: inadequate perfúzió contributes to organ dysfunction in critical illness; adequate perfúzió is essential for outcomes in stroke, myocardial infarction, and transplant success. In research, perfúzió imaging informs tumor vascularity and tissue viability.

Etymology: from Latin perfundere, meaning “to pour through.”